LABOR OF THE MONTHS AS A FORMATIVE THEME IN THE WORKS CYCLE OF THE MEDIEVAL ANNUAL CALENDAR

Tarek, Hagar

doi:10.47436/jaars.2021.73003.1014

LABOR OF THE MONTHS AS A FORMATIVE THEME IN THE WORKS CYCLE OF THE MEDIEVAL ANNUAL CALENDAR

Document Type : Articles and research extracted from theses

Author

Hagar Tarek

Faculty of Fine Arts, Hellwan University

10.47436/jaars.2021.73003.1014

Abstract

The term 'Labor of the months' refers to the cycle of annual calendar works that appeared in abundance in Medieval art, which depicted the activities that usually take place in twelve scenes presenting a complete cycle, often associated with the signs of the Zodiac where the recording of workers and peasants in action began as a valid subject for art although it did not appear before in the visual arts as a separate topic among the topics worthy of attention. The research follows the descriptive historical method by studying some artworks in the classical Roman calendar and monthly calendar works of the Medieval Ages in Europe that may appear illustrated and executed in several media where they can adorn the pages of religious books, tapestry or entrances of churches and follows the classical traditions of depicting such these scenes, whatever both the cycle and the medium which have been chosen is.

Keywords

References

- عکاشه، ثروت محمود (2013). فنون العصور الوسطى (العین تسمع والأذن تری ج 12)، ط2. القاهرة، مصر: الهیئة المصریة العامة للکتاب.

- هاوزر، أرنولد (2015). الفن والمجتمع عبر التاریخ، ج1، ترجمة فؤاد زکریا. القاهرة، مصر: الهیئة العامة للکتاب.

2,6 المراجع الأجنبیة:

Shepherda, Sianne lauren, (2010). Anglo-Saxon labours of the months: Representing may – a case study. England: Master Phil. in Medieval Studies, College of Arts and Law, University of Birmingham.

Henisch, Bridget Ann, (1999). The Medieval Calendar Year. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania state university press.

Petzold, Andreas, (1995). Romanesque Art. London: Calamann and King, Ltd.

Calkins, Robert G., (1983). Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. New York: Cornell university press, Ithaca.

Webster, James Carson, (1938). The Labors of The Months. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University, The Collegiate Press , Menasha, Wisconsin.

3,6مقالات من مواقع الإلکترونیة:

Jonathan Alexander,(Sep.,1999). Labeur and Paresse: Ideological Representations of Medieval Peasant Labor, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 3, pp. 436-452

Main link address:

https://doi.org/10.2307/3045750, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3045750

4,6الصفحات والمواقع الالیکترونیة:

British Library, Medieval England and France, 700–1200. Medieval calendars, Kathleen Doyle, Cristian Ispir. Articles published on British Library Webpage.

https://www.bl.uk/medieval-english-french-manuscripts/articles/medieval-calendars 16/4/2021

KB. National library of the Netherlands

https://www.kb.nl/en/themes/medieval-manuscripts/psalter-of-eleanor-of-aquitaine-ca-1185 12/4/2021

Digital Medievalist: The Medieval Calendar Year, Spangenberg, Lisa L. Article on her own website.

https://www.digitalmedievalist.com/things/manuscripts/books-of-hours/labors-of-the-months/ 14/4/2021

- https://www.photo.rmn.fr/Package/2C6NU09TF4DL 3/12/2019, 1:23 PM

- https://www.photo.rmn.fr/Package/2C6NU09TF4DL 3/12/2019

- http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/chronography_of_354_06_calendar.htm 16/4/2021

- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sousse_mosaic_calendar_March.JPG 16/4/2020

https://www.tourismag.com/articles/24352/la-mosaique-du-calendrier-un-des-fleurons-du-musee-archeologique-de-sousse.html . 16/4/2020

http://www.zeno.org/Kunstwerke/B/Meister+der+Fuldaer+Schule+(III)%3A+Sakramentarfragment,+Szene%3A+Kalenderblatt

http://www.didatticarte.it/Blog/?p=1708 21/4/202